Colonial Williamsburg Research Division Web Site

Webography, Slavery

The following electronic resources lead the researcher to bibliographic and textual information from the period or about slavery in British America, especially Virginia.

Internet Resources from Colonial Williamsburg

Shirley Plantation Collection, 1650-1989 contains material related to slavery -- bills of sale, blanket and food lists, medical accounts, list of dead from an 1849 cholera epidemic, and runaway slaves. Also includes pay journals for freedmen after the Civil War.

Enslaving Virginia
The "Enslaving Virginia" story line addresses the development and growth of a racially based slave system that profoundly affected the lives, fortunes, and values of blacks and whites. See a bibliography of recommended readings.

Virginia Gazette
The subject guide leads you to notices of free blacks, runaways and slave occupations under topics such as Negroes, Free; Slaves, Runaway; and Slaves as Doctors, Ferrymen, Laundresses, etc.

Images are available in the Library's Visual Resources Center. Look at some samples:
Slavery

Articles by Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Staff

African-American Experience in Williamsburg (includes audio interview files)
Archaeology at the Atkinson Site
"Little Spots allow'd them": Slave Garden Plots and Poultry Yards by Patricia A. Gibbs
The Newsworthy Somerset Case, by Emma L. Powers
Slavery in John Blair's Public and Personal Lives in 1751, by Julie Richter
After 1723, Manumission Takes Careful Planning and Plenty of Savvy, by Linda H. Rowe
The Burwells Move Their Slaves to the Southside, by Julie Richter
New Findings about the Virginia Slave Trade, by Lorena S. Walsh
A Biographical Sketch of Matthew Ashby, by Emma L. Powers
A Portrait of York County Middling Planters and Their Slaves, 1760-1775 by Kevin P. Kelly

Articles from the Colonial Williamsburg Journal

Fighting... Maybe for Freedom, but probably not by Lloyd Dobyns, Autumn 2007
Slave Conspiracies in Colonial Virginia by Mary Miley Theobald, Winter 2006
Finding Slaves in Unexpected Places: Keeping Blacks in Bondage Was Not a Southern Monopoly
by James Breig, Winter 2006
‘In Mind and Heart’ with the Enslaved of Yesteryear by Will Molineux, Summer 2003
Juba and Djembe: Music Helps Interpret Slavery. by Ed Crews, Winter 2002-03.
To Live Like a Slave by Curtia James, Autumn 1993

Search the Library catalog:

Subjects: Slave Trade
Slavery Virginia
Slaves' writings, American
Plantation Life
Freedmen
Women slaves

Other Internet Resources

Africans in America
This PBS site offers narrative, historical documents, and scholarly commentary on the beginnings and ending of slavery in the United States, 1460-1865.

Afro-American Sources in Virginia
A Guide to Manuscripts, edited by Michael Plunkett. Also included is Guide to African American Documentary Resources in North Carolina edited by Timothy D. Pyatt. These are lists of manuscript resources which list the library where one can find the original document.

The Atlantic Slave Trade and Slave Life in the Americas: A Visual Record
Hundreds of images have been selected, described and categorized. One can search by keyword or browse by topic.

Black Loyalists: Our History, Our People
This site explores an untold story of how Canada became the home of the first settlements of free blacks outside Africa. Digital documents offered by includes a transcript of the Book of Negroes, a list of African-Americans evacuated from New York at the end of the war. The Library also owns a searchable database on CDROM, as well as a photocopy (Number 10427 of the set entitled, “Headquarters Papers of the British Army in America”) and a microfilm copy (M154.29) of the original Book of Negroes.

Digital Archaeological Archive of Comparative Slavery
The Digital Archaeological Archive of Comparative Slavery is a Web-based initiative designed to foster inter-site, comparative archeological research on slavery in the greater Chesapeake region.

The Equiano Project
A celebration of the life and times of Olaudah Equiano, a former slave, seaman, war veteran, writer and abolitionist, who lived in 18th century England.

Freedmens Bureau Online
The Bureau was established in the War Department by an act of March 3, 1865. The Bureau supervised all relief and educational activities relating to refugees and freedmen, including issuing rations, clothing and medicine. Information is being added on an ongoing basis.

From Slavery to Freedom: The African-American Pamphlet Collection, 1824-1909
Offers complete page images of the 397 titles in the African American Pamphlet Collection, as well as searchable electronic texts and bibliographic records. Most pamphlets were written by African-American authors, though some were written by others on topics of particular importance in African-American history.

Geography of Slavery in Virginia
A digital collection of advertisements for runaway and captured slaves and servants in Virginia newspapers, 1736-1790. Other documents including court records and correspondence on slavery and indentured servitude are being collected as well.

Guide to African American Manuscripts in the Collection of the Virginia Historical Society
The Society's holdings of African American materials consist largely of the records of slaves and slavery in the Old Dominion, the great bulk of which is concentrated on the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Collections are listed with brief descriptions and can be browsed or searched by keyword.

Images of African-American Slavery and Freedom
From the collections of the Library of Congress.

Monticello Plantation Database
A database of information on over six hundred slaves --details of life span, family structure, occupation, and transactions like purchases and sales.

Parliament and the British Slave Trade, 1600-1807
The Parliamentary Archives has digitised a wealth of archival material which provides evidence of the issues, processes and people at the heart of Parliament's relationship with the slave trade.

TransAtlantic Slave Trade Database: Voyages
An expanded and continually growing online version of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade: A Database on CD-ROM [Cambridge UP, 1999], the Voyages Database contains records of nearly 35,000 separate slaving voyages between 1514 and 1866, gleaned from original documents and historical publications located in archives, libraries, and other institutions throughout the world.

The Virginia Heritage Project offers subject access to manuscript collections in Virginia. Enter “slave?” to find collections that concern slave, slaves, or slavery or “African-american?” for broader information. Limit by institution to find out which items are available at Colonial Williamsburg.

Subscription Resources (available only to Colonial Williamsburg staff)

African American Studies Center
The Oxford African American Studies Center combines the authority of carefully edited reference works with sophisticated technology to create an impressive database focusing on the lives and events that have shaped African American history and culture. (Contact Reference Desk, 565-8510, for assistance.)

American Slavery: A Composite Autobiography
Between 1936 and 1938, the WPA Federal Writers' Project hired field workers to collect the life histories of former slaves. The full-text of the transcripts for 2,000 interviews, from seventeen states, are now available and searchable. (Contact Reference Desk, 565-8510, for assistance.)

America: History and Life indexes over 2,000 historical journals published worldwide. Approximately 16,000 new entries are added each year. Enter “|Slavery|” as a subject and "|1700H| or |1600H|” in the Time Period field.
(Contact Reference Desk, 565-8510, for assistance.)

American State Papers, 1789-1817
Legislative and executive documents, many originating from the important period between 1789 and the beginning of the U.S. Congressional Serial Set in 1817. (Available only on computers on the CWF network; contact Reference Desk, 565-8510, for assistance.)

Early American Imprints, Series I: Evans, 1639-1800
Full-text books, pamphlets, broadsides and other imprints listed in the renowned bibliography by Charles Evans - the definitive resource for information about every aspect of life in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century America, from agriculture and auctions through foreign affairs, diplomacy, literature, music, religion, the Revolutionary War, temperance, witchcraft, and just about any other topic imaginable. (Available only on computers on the CWF network; contact Reference Desk, 565-8510, for assistance.)

America's Historical Newspapers, Series I, 1690-1876
Hundreds of historic newspapers listed in Clarence Brigham's authoritative bibliography and in additional subsequent bibliographies. (Available only on computers on the CWF network; contact Reference Desk, 565-8510, for assistance.)

Humanities E-Book Project
American Council of Learned Societies sponsors this database of over 800 full-text scholarly historical studies. (Contact Reference Desk, 565-8510, for assistance.)

Early Encounters in North America
A collection of accounts of the early interactions of the peoples - Native American, European, African and Asian. Over 1000 accounts from the fifteenth - twentieth centuries are currently in this expanding database. Browse by date, environment, peoples, places and more, or search the text by keyword or author. (Contact Reference Desk, 565-8510, for assistance.)